Description: This paper summarizes default experience on bonds from 1900 through 1987. Although the information is more extensive for publicly traded bonds, the paper includes some information on private placements, some of which is not otherwise available.

Description: In this session 93PD of the 1998 New York Annual Meeting panelists discuss three levels of protection available to bank depositors and insurance purchasers in the United States. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 24, No. 3.

Description: Discusses bond-default history in the United States, implications for insurance-company asset determination, regulatory concerns about recent investing by insurance companies in low-grade bonds, valuation-actuary needs to consider in these cases, and another suggested method for modeling the C-1 Risk in the context of the valuation actuary's cash flow review. From the 1987 Record of Society of Actuaries, Vol. 13, No. 3.

Description: An increasing need exists for the actuary to provide ranges and frequency distributions of possible values instead of providing only mean values. This discussion will cover: projections of asset experience under various economic scenarios, a practical application of profit analysis using scenarios and a deterministic model, exploring possible values by means of stochastic modeling, and a description of the new life contingencies textbook's stochastic approach and application to some practical population and census problems. From Record of the Society of Actuaries 1981, Volume 7, No. 4.

Description: Presented at October 1996 Annual Meeting. This discussion presents an introduction to Monte Carlo and why it is used for integration and valuation of complex formulas. Moreover, results using low-discrepancy sequences instead of the Monte Carlo simulation for pension fund analysis is shared.